Types of Sustainable Energy

Sorts of Sustainable Energy Sun powered Energy Sun powered vitality is expending sunbeams it changed by utilizing N-type and P-type semiconductor materials.â When the daylight is spellbound by these materials, the sunlight based vitality hits electrons free from the iotas, permitting the electrons to stream into the material to create electricity.â This technique is known as the photovoltaic effect.â Solar boards is the most well known method of changing over light to vitality with the utilization of bright and infrared light can be changed over into reusable vitality. There are an assortment of advances that have been created to exploit sun oriented vitality, which incorporate sun powered high temp water warming boiling water with sun powered vitality, the utilization of sun powered to deliver power and sunlight based vitality to warmth and cool homes and places of business. Geothermal Energy This vitality is the glow from the earth.â It has benefits as it is spotless and sustainable.â Resources of geothermal vitality run from the low ground to boiling water and hot rocks found a couple of miles underneath the earths surface and down significantly more profound to the very high temperatures of liquid stone called magma.â The shallow ground as well as upper 10 feet of the earths surface keep up an almost steady temp somewhere in the range of 50 and 60 degrees F (10 to 16 centigrade).â Geothermal warmth siphons can be taken advantage of to warmth and cool structures. Geothermal warmth siphons can take advantage of this asset to warmth and cool structures. A geothermal warmth siphon framework comprises of a warmth siphon, an air conveyance framework (ventilation work), and a warmth exchanger-an arrangement of channels covered in the shallow ground close to the structure. In the winter, the warmth siphon expels heat from the warmth exchanger and siphons it into the indoor air conveyance framework. In the mid year, the procedure is switched, and the warmth siphon moves heat from the indoor air into the warmth exchanger. The warmth expelled from the indoor air throughout the late spring can likewise be utilized to give a free wellspring of boiling water. Hydroelectric Energy Streaming water makes vitality that can be caught and transformed into power. This is called hydroelectric force or hydropower. The most well-known sort of hydroelectric force plant utilizes a dam on a waterway to store water in a supply. Water discharged from the supply moves through a turbine, turning it, which thusly enacts a generator to deliver power. Be that as it may, hydroelectric force doesnt fundamentally require a huge dam. Some hydroelectric force plants simply utilize a little waterway to channel the stream water through a turbine. Another kind of hydroelectric force plant called a siphoned stockpiling plant can even store power. The force is sent from a force network into the electric generators. The generators at that point turn the turbines in reverse, which makes the turbines siphon water from a waterway or lower repository to an upper supply, where the force is put away. To utilize the force, the water is discharged from the upper repository down into the stream or lower store. This twists the turbines forward, enacting the generators to deliver power. A little or small scale hydroelectric force framework can deliver enough power for a home, homestead, or farm. Biomass Energy We have utilized biomass vitality or bio vitality, the vitality from natural issue for a large number of years, since the time individuals began consuming wood to prepare food or to keep warm.â Today wood is as yet our biggest biomass vitality asset, yet different sorts of assets would now be able to be utilized this incorporates plants, buildups from agribusiness or ranger service and the components of mechanical waste.â Even the exhaust from landfills can be utilized as a biomass vitality source. The utilization of this reusable vitality can conceivably diminish our ozone harming substance emanations and produces a similar carbon monoxide as non-renewable energy sources yet every time a plant develops, carbon monoxide is expelled from the environment. Wind Energy Wind turbines, similar to windmills, are mounted on a pinnacle to catch the most vitality. At 100 feet (30 meters) or increasingly over-the-ground, they can exploit the quicker and less violent breeze. Turbines get the breezes vitality with their propeller-like cutting edges. Generally, a few sharp edges are mounted on a pole to frame a rotor. A cutting edge acts a lot of like a plane wing. At the point when the breeze blows, a pocket of low-pressure air shapes on the downwind side of the cutting edge. The low-pressure air pocket at that point pulls the cutting edge toward it, making the rotor turn.â The power of the lift is a lot more grounded than the breezes power against the front side of the sharp edge, which is called drag. The blend of lift and drag makes the rotor turn like a propeller, and the turning shaft turns a generator to make power. Wind turbines can be utilized as independent applications, or they can be associated with an utility force framework or even joined with a photovoltaic (sun powered cell) framework. For utility-scale wellsprings of wind vitality, many breeze turbines are generally constructed near one another to frame a breeze plant. A few power suppliers today use wind plants to gracefully capacity to their clients.

The Fatherless Family and Woman in Banana Yoshimoto’s Works

As Yoshimoto is a female author expounding primarily on ladies in contemporary Japan, it will be intriguing and essential to investigate all the more profoundly the sort and job of the ladies she depicts. While she appears to portray the lives of autonomous ladies, she put them into a for the most part conventional setting in the house.As Banana Yoshimoto expounds primarily on ladies' connections, sentiments, and considerations corresponding to Japanese contemporary society from a lady's point of view, the paper will look into these parts of her female heroes' lives with respect to job of father in a family, family connections by and large and otherworldly association with the world that encompasses them. To grasp the change that includes occurred inside the job of ladies in Japanese writing and perhaps Japanese society, we should analyze all the more intently the idea of family all things considered in Japan today and in the writing of Banana Yoshimoto.For model, the family and its qualities is one of the bases for a general public, consequently, cultural changes regularly discover their appearance in the family idea. The Family and Father in Contemporary Japan Most of her primary characters are young ladies who have moved on from secondary school and are either on their way into or out of college, and a considerable lot of them work in low maintenance employments. This portrayal of youthful and autonomous ladies at an age ‘in-between' principle phases of their lives is likewise regular of shojo culture (Treat 359).In her accounts, the conventional family structure appears to have broken down, and the ladies, neither ‘just' housewives, nor set up as equivalents, are to some degree gliding in a diffuse region ‘in-between'. Yoshimoto's ladies frequently don't follow the customary routes in a general public that was changed by the expanding impact from the West. Ladies specifically are disregarded and looking for new courses in an apparently sha ky world. In this way, neither Kazami nor Sui in N. P. , Tsugumi and Maria in Tsugumi, Mikage in Kitchen, Satsuki in Moonlight Shadow nor Yayoi and Yukino in Kanashii Yokan lead a regular school or work life.All of them are from whimsical families, a large portion of them bastard. The storyteller in N. P. , Kazami, lives with her mom, an English instructor, after her dad kicked the bucket in the US; her sister lives in England. Kazami's beau, an interpreter of Japanese abstract works into English who was numerous years her senior, ended it all. Just her grandparents who live in Yokohama despite everything appear to lead conventional Japanese lives; be that as it may, they don't assume a significant job in the story. The dad of Kazami's strange companion Sui, an acclaimed Japanese essayist, likewise ended it all and leaving Sui to lead the greater part of her life alone.Both young ladies are to some degree afloat. They are passed through life by forthcoming occasions, and don't start the occasions that shape their lives. They are lost in this world without direction or ‘fatherly love' in their lives. Various reviews led in 1983 in Japan uncovered that one out of four couples who wed today separation, and there is a separation like clockwork and 57 seconds (Yamaguchi 246). While separate in Japan has not arrived at the high rates that exist in Western nations, it is clearly turning out to be increasingly more common.However, separate is just responsible for about portion of the family units that exist without a dad. About 36% of these family units are illegitimate due to death (Yamaguchi 248). The two components flexibly us with shrewd foundation data and a potential clarification for Banana Yoshimoto's family settings. It has frequently been accepted that such open presentation of disintegration of the customary family unit as depicted in Yoshimoto's and other ladies author's fiction is as yet phenomenal in contemporary Japan.However, the measurements dem onstrate Yoshimoto's fiction to be not exactly so far expelled from reality in this regard and that her work may be viewed as a reflection on contemporary Japanese society. Another intriguing component with regards to the 189,000 separations in Japan in 1993, the most noteworthy number ever, is the alleged â€Å"retirement separate (Yamaguchi 248). † Women separate from their spouses, who never invested any energy at home while they were working, when the husbands resign and wind up investing the greater part of their time at home.â€Å"Couples wedded twenty years or increasingly spoke to more than 15 percent of the complete figure; besides, in most of these cases the separations were started by the wife (Yamaguchi 248). † Although separate is a moderately basic marvel in Japan today, separated from ladies are still viewed rather unsympathetically. Be that as it may, they are on occasion regarded as people since the idea of independence has developed increasingly persu asive and is gradually supplanting the exacting and conventional framework. As needs be, a solid situation of ladies †single, wedded or separated †has become progressively normal and more public.Hikami calls this â€Å"the development of the solid spouse †solid to the point of being overwhelming †totally certain about herself and speedy to abandon her better half for his inadequacies (Yamaguchi 249). † because of seeing uncooperative spouses and of seeing wives relinquish their professions to turn out to be full-time housewives in their folks' age, numerous young ladies are disappointed and avoid marriage. The outcome is a â€Å"age of nonmarriage (Yamaguchi 249)†. Accordingly, Yoshimoto's characters are not totally in â€Å"a dream land far expelled from reality† as Yokochi Samuel claims (229).While the facts confirm that â€Å"familyless kids, lesbianism, inbreeding, clairvoyance and fierce death† are a piece of huge numbers of her a ccounts, these circumstances are distortions that mirror a changing reality in Japan today (Samuel 229). They are set, notwithstanding, before the foundation of the feelings of the heroes, sentiments of obliteration, of yearning and a quest for bliss on an individual level. These components are very normal wonders in fiction as well as, all things considered. Truth be told, her portrayals are mainstream in light of the fact that numerous individuals can identify with them and see associations with their own lives.While Yoshimoto's fiction isn't really a sensible delineation of Japanese regular day to day existence, the perceptions so far imply that she catches some quintessence, propensity sentiments and thoughts, and cultural inclinations of life in contemporary Japan in her accounts (Samuel). The Fatherless Family in Yoshimoto's Novels The subject of an absence of a dad figure goes through all of Banana Yoshimoto's fiction. In Kitchen, Mikage is a vagrant stood up to with the demi se of her grandma who had been her last enduring family member.She is lost and forlorn finding the sound of the cooler in their kitchen the main reassurance †until she meets a few people who take her in and hence spare her from her quick (physical) forlornness. Her new receiving family isn't conventional either. Yuichi's mom is dead and his dad had activities done which changed him into an alluring lady, Eriko. This isn't portrayed as something uncommon, be that as it may. Or maybe this sort of family is by all accounts working very well and appears to give a caring domain to all individuals. While the family circumstance in N. P. is similarly phenomenal, this isn't the situation in the entirety of Yoshimoto's stories.The fundamental trait of the family circumstances in Amrita, Tsugumi, Kanashii Yokan and Kitchen is as yet the presence of substitute families that comprise principally of ladies. There exists a particular association among the ladies, which takes into account an uncommon manner by which they identify with one another. Taken off alone by the men in their lives (with or without this being their issue) in a world that is confounding, desolate and without direction, they scan for and frequently appear to discover a bond for the most part with other ladies, which gives them another emotionally supportive network. This makes them accomplices in the quest for better approaches to lead their lives.When portraying Yoshimoto's offbeat †the alleged broken - group of which there is a plentitude in her accounts, Treat comments that this idea is untypical in Japan. In Yoshimoto's accounts â€Å"the family is ‘assembled'. †Blood ties and family history are less significant than situation and basic human partiality (Treat 369). † Traditionally, huge significance was set on the family as the littlest unit that bolsters the greater unit of the state in the Confucian state framework and on blood ties inside the Japanese society. Conside ring this current Yoshimoto's idea appears to be very revolutionary.The idea of family that Yoshimoto portrays in her books is strikingly unique. Her families are regularly not made by marriage and reproduction and don't win due to blood bonds. Everyone can turn into an individual from the family. As Yoshimoto comments herself: Wherever I go I wind up transforming individuals into a ‘family' of my own. (†¦ ) What I call a family is as yet a gathering of individual outsiders who have met up, and on the grounds that there's nothing more to it than that we truly structure great relations with one another. It's difficult for us to leave one another, and each time it does I contemplate internally that ‘life is trying to say great bye.‘ But while it keeps going there are a ton of beneficial things, so I set up with it. (Treat 370) These families appear to shape coincidentally, in an easygoing way. The genuine bonds are made through fortuitous event and through profo und bonds. These bonds, subsequently, much the same as a large portion of the heroes' lives in Yoshimoto's accounts, are existing apart from everything else. They are made immediately or even to some degree unintentionally just like the case for Mikage in Kitchen who is taken in by complete outsiders. They can likewise be broken down immediately as Maria's dad's marriage in Tsugumi.Without a worth judgment ever being made, the nearby close to home bonds, regardless of whether profound at that point, are not really enduring. This is the manner by which Sakumi, the youthful female storyteller of the novel Amrita, portrays her own

Addiction Recovery Finding the Right Program for You

Addiction Recovery Finding the Right Program for You April 11, 2019 More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use No matter what type of addiction you may have, every day can feel like a battle. As a result, it is important to find the right treatment program. Although you may feel like there is no way out, recovery is possible if you find the right program for you. The first step is recognizing that you have a problem and that you want things to be different. Once you are able to admit that, you are well on your way to recovery before you ever set foot in a treatment center or a counseling office. Just remember, everyone has different needs when it comes to recovery from drug or alcohol addiction. Consequently, what worked for your friend may not necessarily work for you. Ideally, you will work with your healthcare provider, a trusted family member, and a substance abuse professional to explore your options and determine what treatment plan is best for you. In general, you want to avoid facilities, counselors, and treatment centers that guarantee success. It is simply not possible to make any guarantees when you are dealing with a persons addiction. Controlling and guaranteeing another persons actions is simply not a realistic expectation. Verywell / JR Bee Types of Addiction Treatment When it comes to treating addiction, there are a number of options available. Learning about the different types is the first step in determining what may work best for you. Residential Treatment Sometimes the best way to treat an addiction is by spending time away from family, friends, work, as well as anything that triggers you to abuse substances. The goal is to create a space where you can focus on getting better without all the distractions of everyday life. Additionally, residential treatment programs often are a place where you will feel safe and supported. Theres usually medical personnel on staff that will help you manage detoxification and cope with withdrawal symptoms. Typically, you will have a healthcare team that is there to help you develop a treatment plan that usually involves counseling as well as group therapy sessions. They may even invite your family members in for a family therapy session. Overall, the psychologist you work with will help you understand and deal with your addiction as well as treat any mental health issues that you may have. Unfortunately, addiction and mental health issues like depression or bipolar disorder often coexist with addiction issues. As a result, you want to be sure you are addressing anything that can cause you to relapse once you leave the facility. Generally, people with addictions are at a residential treatment facility for a few days, weeks, or months. The key is that you develop healthy habits, learn coping skills, and commit to starting your life again, this time with a clean slate before you leave. Outpatient Treatment For those who feel like they have a solid support system in their spouse and their family members, outpatient treatment might be the answer. With this scenario, you are able to live at home while working your program. This treatment option also is a good choice when you are unable to take a long absence away from home or work. With an outpatient treatment facility, you are getting treatment during the day or the evening, but you do not stay around the clock. Instead, you meet with the facility team two to three hours per day. These outpatient facilities offer the same types of treatment that residential programs offer. However, because you do not reside there, it is easier for you to continue to go to work or attend school while still fulfilling your treatment plan. One thing to remember is that living at home should be a safe place. If you are tempted to resume using drugs or alcohol while working your program and living at home, an outpatient treatment center may not be as effective and you might need to find another option. Day Treatment/Partial Hospitalization This type of program is similar to an outpatient treatment program, which allows you to live at home while working your program, but is a bigger time commitment overall. Much like a residential treatment center, you will receive the same detox, withdrawal, and counseling support for about seven to eight hours every day. You also will work with doctors, therapists, and psychologists during the day. In the evening, you will attend either a 12-step meeting or life skill education classes. Parents of young children or those with other obligations at home might find this option the most helpful. Sober Living Communities Many times, people who struggle with addiction find it difficult to leave the safety and security of a residential treatment program and immediately return home and try to pick up where they left off. Sometimes, it helps to transition slowly back and Sober Living Communities help people do that. Even though you may feel like you have changed, practicing all the new skills you have learned is sometimes easier in a sober environment. In this situation, you and your fellow residents continue focusing on maintaining sobriety, but in the safety and security of a sober environment where there are no drugs or alcohol to tempt you. Another benefit of sober living communities is that you can continue to learn healthy living and coping skills while attending regular 12-step meetings and group therapy sessions. This type of structure is sometimes helpful in breaking free of toxic friends and establishing a balance in your life where you learn to handle demands in a healthy way. What Makes Addiction Treatment Effective According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, addiction is a complex disorder that can involve virtually every aspect of an individuals life. Since addiction is both complex and pervasive, treatment is often multi-faceted. Some aspects of your treatment plan will focus directly on your addiction to drugs or alcohol while other aspects will focus on helping you become a productive member of society. These aspects of the treatment plan might include employment training and learning basic self-care principles, including how to handle stressful situations without turning to drugs or alcohol to cope. Here are some basic principles for effective treatment that you may want to consider as you choose a treatment option. Addiction is a complex but treatable disease that impacts both the brain and the persons behavior. As a result, drugs and alcohol completely alter an addicted persons brain structure and function. Consequently, these changes are often permanent and last long after the person stops abusing a substance. This may explain why people who struggle with addiction are at risk for relapsing. There is no one size fits all when it comes to treating addiction. Keep in mind that treatment will vary depending on the person as well as the type of substance the person is addicted to. As a result, it is important that the treatment selected matches the persons needs and issues. Doing so will help increase the likelihood that the person will experience success. Treatment for addiction should be readily available. For treatment to be a success, the needed services need to be available the moment a person struggling with addiction says they are ready for treatment. Delaying the help they need may cause an addicted person to change their mind about entering a treatment program. An effective treatment program addresses the whole person and not just the addiction. People who struggle with addiction are more than just addicts. They are people with feelings, hopes, and needs. Finding a program that addresses more than just addiction is crucial. Many times, people who struggle with addiction also need mental health services, counseling, legal assistance, vocational training, and nutritional guidelines. Treatment of addiction is not a quick fix. Consequently, it is important that people who struggle with addiction remain in treatment for an adequate period of time. Of course, there is no set time that a person must spend in treatment, but most research indicates that people with addictions need at least three months in treatment to significantly reduce or stop their substance abuse. The best results occur when treatment is longer. Addiction is a complicated problem and recovery is often a long-term, life-long process. Behavioral therapies are the most commonly used treatment for addictions. These therapies can include individual, family, and group counseling. Overall, the focus of these therapies varies depending on the individual. For instance, a person with addiction might need the motivation to change, and therefore, would benefit from incentives for abstinence. They also might benefit from building the skills needed to resist temptation as well as learning how to replace drug-using activities with other rewarding activities. Medications are an important part of treatment. For many patients, medications combined with counseling and other behavioral therapies are an effective component of treatment. For instance, methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone are often used for people who are addicted to heroin or other opioids. These drugs often help them stabilize their lives so they can change their patterns of behavior. Assessment and modification of the treatment plan are essential. A person who is learning how to cope with their addiction and manage their life again will have changing needs as they work their treatment plan. Consequently, it is important to assess how things are going and make changes as needed. Many people with addictions also struggle with mental health issues. When it comes to addiction and mental health, these two illnesses often exist together. As a result, if a person has an addiction, they also should be evaluated for a mental health issue. When they do co-exist, they should both be treated as separate issues. Keep in mind that medically-assisted detoxification is only the first step in treating addiction. By itself, there is little change to long-term drug or alcohol abuse. As a result, people who are addicted to substances should follow a treatment plan after finishing detoxification so that they can learn healthy coping mechanisms. Treatment does not always need to be voluntary to be effective. In some cases, when a person is forced into treatment because of the justice system, family requirements, or because their place of work demands it, they will have more success than if you waited for them to want to get better. Some people just need that extra push to get clean. Lapses during treatment often occur. It is always a good idea for the program to include an element where drug use is monitored. Knowing that they are being monitored can be a powerful incentive for people with addictions to avoid using substances. Monitoring also provides an early warning that the person has returned to drug or alcohol use. When this happens, it is important that the treatment plan is altered to better meet the addicted persons needs. Treatment programs should include routine testing for infectious diseases. Such things that need to be tested for include HIV/AIDS, hepatitis, tuberculosis, and other diseases. For those who are not infected with anything, they can learn to reduce their risk. Those who are already infected can learn to manage their disease. Find Treatment With the 9 Best Online Therapy Programs A Word From Verywell No matter what type of treatment you choose, the important thing is that you make a commitment to stick with your program and get clean. A treatment program is only as helpful as the work and commitment you put into it. If you are not going to adhere to the guidelines of your program, it doesnt matter which treatment option you chooseâ€"it will not work. For this reason, you need to pick a treatment option that fits into your life and will be what you need to get better. It wont be easy, but keep in mind that all of your efforts are geared toward becoming a healthier you. How Addiction Functions in Your Brain

Improving The Operating Room Efficiency - 1992 Words

Finally creating better processes as well as assigning staff responsibilities to help maintain stock will create positive steps towards cost reduction. Also, managing supply reorders will decrease supply costs with the use of a perpetual inventory system. This approach continuously tracks supplies on hand and will automatically reorder when the stock reaches its predetermined par threshold. Establishing better control over supplies is rather a detailed and labor-intensive process but it can significantly reduce supply spending. Although this can be labor intensive the cost savings is well worth it (Surgical Directions, 2013, p. 4). Efficiency The Operating Room efficiency is a measurement of how well time and resources are used on a daily basis (Philander Kupietzky, 2013, p.1). In regards to efficiency it is important to utilize the Operating Room surgical rooms as much as possible because it creates higher utilization of the block schedule. It also allows for more surgical cases to be performed. When there are more surgeries performed there will be more revenue generated. In the Operating Room at Children’s Mercy the surgeons and anesthesiologists struggle to agree on what is effective block utilization. They also cannot agree on what constitutes delays, it is ironic that these two groups have the highest number of delays. They need to agree on defining what delays are in order to resolve the utilization issues in the Operating Room. There are otherShow MoreRelatedMemorial Hospital Case Study1449 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: The Operating Room is known as the â€Å"cash cow† in most hospitals. Surgical supply, implants, and instrumentation consume a large percentage of a hospital’s annual budget. As a result, proper room utilization with procedures requiring the sterile field of an operating room is essential. 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Athenian Democracy and Divination Essay - 2601 Words

Athenian Democracy and Divination Divination was a prevalent feature in Archaic Greece, as it provided objective advice, to assist people in making appropriate decisions in problematic predicaments. In certain situations its ambiguity allowed decisions to be postponed, or blame to be assigned to others. Divination was also used to explain matters that seemed unexplainable, such as crop failure or drought. This is illustrated in the Homeric epics, which depicts numerous oracle interpreters, such as Calchas, consulting oracles on domestic, as well as, military decisions. Divination was a guiding authority in ancient society. However, during the fifth and fourth century BC, the democratic†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, when the Athenians suggest to the Melians that they should become allies with them, against the Spartans, the Melians state: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦We trust that the gods will give us fortune as good as yoursà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[3] In contrast, the Athenians dismiss the protection of the gods, and state: This kind of attitude is not going to be of much help to you in your absurd conquest for safety at the moment.[4] Thucydides portrays the Athenians in an arrogant light, which suggests that they will get their comeuppance for such sacrilegious opinions. Furthermore, Thucydides also highlights the scientific approach that the Athenians have towards their domination of the Peloponnese, suggesting that it is the law of nature, that they should conquer as much as they can. The rise of freethinking, that the democracy had established, had lead to the neglect of the gods. In comparison, Xerxes, in his conquest to dominate Greece, complies with a dream that is sent from the gods, which indicates to him and Artabanus that he should continue with the Persian wars.[5] Herodotus, writing in the early fifth century, highlights the importance of following divination, whereas, Thucydides, writing in the later fifth century, focuses on decisions made by the people. The Sicilian expedition, from 415BC,Show MoreRelatedEssay The History of Gambling in Ancient Civilizations3908 Words   |  16 Pagesoldest form, divination, was introduced around the same time systematic agriculture was (circa 14000 BCE). Divination is the practice of letting the outcome of an outside object determine what a person or a group should do in a certain situation. â€Å"Some examples of modern divination systems are the tarot, I Ching, scrying and using a pendulum,† (Ward, Keith). But, â€Å"the most widespread and oldest divination game was odds and evens,† (Schwartz, 6). Evidence for odds and evens divination can be found

Realities on Teen Pregnancy in America Free Essays

Although the rate of teenage pregnancy in the United States has declined greatly within the past few years, it is still an enormous problem that needs to be addressed. These rates are still higher in the 1990’s than they were only a decade ago. The United State’s teenage birthrate exceeds that of most other industrialized nations, even though American teenagers are no more sexually active than teenagers are in Canada or Europe. We will write a custom essay sample on Realities on Teen Pregnancy in America or any similar topic only for you Order Now Recent statistics concerning the teen birthrates are alarming. About 560,000 teenage girls give birth each year. Almost one-sixth of all births in the United States are to eenage women are to teenage women. Eight in ten of these births resulted from unintended pregnancies. (Gormly 347) By the age of eighteen, one out of four teenage girls will have become pregnant. (Newman 679) Although the onset of pregnancy may occur in any teenager, some teens are at higher risk for unplanned pregnancy than others. Teenagers who become sexually active at an earlier age are at a greater risk primarily because young teenagers are less likely to use birthcontrol. African-American and Hispanic teenagers are twice as likely to give birth as are white teenagers. Whites are more likely to have abortions. Teenagers who come from poor neighborhoods and attend segregated schools are at a high risk for pregnancy. Also, teenagers who are doing poorly in school and have few plans for the future are more likely to become parents than those who are doing well and have high educationsl and occupational expectations. Although the rate of teenage pregnancy is higher among low- income African-Americans and Hispanics, especially those in inner city ghettoes, the number of births to teenagers is highest among white, nonpoor young women who live in mall cities and towns. (Calhoun 309) In addition to the question of which teenagers become pregnant, interest is shown in the social consequences of early parenthood. Adolescent parents (mostly mothers) may find that they have a â€Å"lost or limited opportunity for education. (Johnson 4) The higher a woman’s level of education, the more likely she is to postpone marriage and childbearing. Adolescents with little schooling are often twice as likely as those with more education to have a baby bafore their twentieth birthday. Some 58% of young women in he United States who receive less than a high school education give birth by the time they are twenty years old, compared with 13% of young women who complete at least twelve years of schooling. (Tunick 11) Teens who become pregnant during high school are more likely to drop out. Calhoun 310) A teen mother leaves school because she cannot manage the task of caring for a baby and studying, and a teen father usually chooses a job over school so that he can pay bills and provide for his child. (Johnson 4) Teen mothers usually have fewer resources than older mothers because they have had less time to gather avings or build up their â€Å"productivity† through work experience, education, or training. (Planned Parenthood 1) Because of this, teen mothers are generally poor and are dependent on government support. Newman 679) The welfare system is usually the only support a teen parent will receive. Welfare benefits are higher for families with absent fathers or dependent children. (Calhoun 309) In some cases, teen mothers may also receive help like Medicaid, Food Stamps, and â€Å"Aid to Families with Dependent Besides educational and financial problems, teenage mothers may face a great deal f emotional strain and may become very stressed. Teen mothers may have limited social contacts and friendships because they do not have time for anything other than their baby. Lack of a social life and time for herself may cause the teenage mother to become depressed or have severe mental anxiety. (Johnson 5) Depression may become worse for a teenage mother because she usually does not know much about child development or about how to care for their children. Children who are born to teenage mothers usually suffer from poor parenting. (Berk 188) Also, children of teenage parents start being exually active before their peers and they are more likely to become teenage parents themselves. These children may also suffer from financial difficulties similar to that of their parents. Children whose mothers are age seventeen or younger are three times as likely as their peers to be poor, and are likely to stay poor for a longer period of time. † (Calhoun 311) The children born to teenage mothers sometimes score lower on development tests than the children of older mothers. It seems that â€Å"rather than declining over time, educational deficits increase in severity and the children show lower academic chievement, higher drop out rates, and are more likely to be held back in school. † Teenage pregnancy comes with not only a child, but also many consequences. Teen mothers face greater health risks than older mothers, such as anemia, pregnancy induced hypertension, toxemia, premature delivery, cervical trauma, and even death. Many of these health risks are due to inadequate prenatal care and support, rather than physical immaturity. The teenage mother is more likely to be undernourished and suffer premature and prolonged labor. (Calhoun 311) The death rate from pregnancy omplications are much higher among girls who give birth under age fifteen. (Gormly 347) Poor eating habits, smoking, alcohol and drugs increase the risk of having a baby with health problems. Johnson 3) The younger the teenage mother is, the higher the chances are that she and her baby will have health problems. This is mainly due to late prenatal care (if any) and poor nutrition. (Planned Parenthood 1) An adolescent mother and her baby may not get enough nutrients and, because the mother’s body is not fully mature, she may have many complications throughout the duration of the pregnancy. Along with the mother, the children of teenage parents too often become part of a cycle of poor health, school failure, and poverty. Infants born to teenage mothers are at a high risk of prematurity, fragile health, the need for intensive care, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and mental retardation. (Johnson 5) Low birth weight is the most immediate health problem. Babies born to teenagers are often born too small, too soon. Low birthweight babies may have immature organ systems (brain, lungs, and heart), difficulty controlling body temperature and blood sugar levels, and a risk of dying in early infancy that is much igher than that of normal weight babies (five and one-half pounds or more). Calhoun 310) â€Å"The death rate for babies whose mothers are under fifteen years of age is double that of babies whose mothers are twenty to thirty years old. † (Johnson 5) Because of these extremely serious problems, many government, as well as local, organizations are fighting to stop the occurence of teenage pregnancy by helping to educate children of the risks involved and the consequences after. Some research indicates that â€Å"the percentage of teenage birthrates has declined simply because fewer eenagers are having sexual intercourse and more adolescents are using contraceptives. Researchers say that the recent trends in sexual activity and contraceptive use are the result of a number of factors, including greater emphasis on abstinence, more conservative attitudes about sex, fear of contracting sexually transmitted diseases, the popularity of long-lasting birthcontrol methods such as the contraceptive implant (Norplant) and the injectable (Depo-Provera), and even because of the economy. In addition, researchers say that young people have become somewhat more conservative in their views about casual ex and out-of-wedlock childbearing. Some attribute this change in attitude mainly to concern about sexually transmitted diseases. Others say that it is because of the involvement of conservative religious groups in the public debate over sexual behavior. Many researchers believe that the strong economy and the increasing availability of jobs at minimum wage have contributed to fewer births among teenagers. (Donovan 32) Americans, however, seem to be against some of the methods used by these various organizations to reduce the teen pregnancy rates. The most controversial aspect of adolescent pregnancy prevention is the growing movement to provide teenagers with easy access to contraceptives. † Most Americans believe that giving teenagers birthcontrol pills and/or condoms is the same as telling them that early sex is allowed. Some studies that were conducted in Europe show that some clinics in Europe that distribute contraceptives to teenagers have the same sexual activity rate as in the United States. However, in these European studies, it is apparent that teen pregnancy, childbirth, and abortion rates are Teenage pregnancy does cause many problems for the mother, child, and economy. There are, however, some incidences where the mother overcomes this down-hill trend and makes a successful life for her and her child. The outcome of teenage pregnancy turns out better if the mother goes back to school after she has given birth. (Berk 190) Staying in school may help to prevent teenage mothers from having a second pregnancy. (Planned Parenthood 2) The outcome is also better if the mother continues to live with her parents so that they can help to raise the child. Young, teen mothers need health care for themselves as well as their children. An adolescent mother also needs a great deal of encouragement to get her to remain in school. Single teenage mothers also need job training so that they can get a good job to support themselves and their children. Teen mothers need to be taught parenting and life-management skills and also need high quality and affordable daycare for their children. Schools that provide daycare centers on campus reduce the incidence of teenagers dropping out of school. These school programs also ecrease the likelihood that the teen mother will have more children. Berk 189) Because the government has begun to take action in preventing teen pregnancies, the rate has continued to decline. The large numbers of young people in America–as well as the values, health, education, skills they gain–will greatly affect the future of society. Therefore, increased attention should be given to the well-being of adolescents. Since greater care is being given to the young people, improvements are already occuring. The level of education that young people receive is much higher than that of their parents, and he â€Å"expectation that young people should obtain at least some secondary schooling† is growing. The numbers of women who have a child during their teen years is declining, and recognizing the impact of childbearing on education, parents and communities are continuing to discourage sexual activity, marriage, and motherhood at a young age. (Tunick 13) These recent trends, if continued, will more than likely educate the adolescent population about the risks and consequences of teenage pregnancy and reduce the incicence of teen pregnancy and childbirth altogether. How to cite Realities on Teen Pregnancy in America, Essay examples

Accusations free essay sample

The paper discusses some of the root causes of the September 11th attacks. The paper discusses some of the specific root causes for the September 11th attacks in the U.S. Two of the causes discussed are the use of American power and the ignorance of Osama Bin Ladens followers. The paper shows that due to the fact that the United States was so unprepared for September 11th, the root causes of the terrorist attacks are still debated by millions of people worldwide. It shows that several theories being debated are clash of civilizations, poverty of Arab lands, American policy, religious conflicts, simple jealousy and rage- all of these seem logical reasons to some and completely illogical to others. World peace is far from being a reality. With the thousands of issues that affect international conflict, it is nearly impossible to isolate one sole cause of any given problem. The tragedy of September 11th is one such occurrence. We will write a custom essay sample on Accusations or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Discussion after discussion has been had in an attempt to determine the exact cause of the attacks. The majority of suggestions of the root cause have been dismissed. Poverty of the individuals who committed crimes was quickly dismissed because of simplicity. Those people who hijacked American planes were not poverty-stricken. Most were educated, middle-class citizens. Also ruled out by simplicity is the theory of envy, hate, and rage. We know that Bin Laden and his followers hate us, but would this cause them to terrorize our country? The concept is too superficial to be the root cause itself, but most definitely lies under the true cause. Some political scientists pointed to a clash of civilizations as being the culprit. Even this suggestion goes back to envy of the enemy civilization. After analyzing all these miniscule causes of September 11th, two specific root causes are apparent. The two most logical explanations to the terrorist attacks are the use of American po wer and the ignorance of the Osama Bin Ladens followers.

What human issues form the subjects of the work Did you find any of them particularly well handled Essay Example

What human issues form the subjects of the work? Did you find any of them particularly well handled? Essay The Sporting Spirit encapsulates instincts, pride, appearances, nationalism, symbolism, social identity, and human penchants as core issues that foment the gravity of the essay; â€Å"savage† instincts coagulate with nationalism and appearances to foster one’s pride, symbolizing the proudness of being labelled by one’s country – American, British, Russian, or otherwise. Pride fosters greed, which disinters the need for war – either literally or figuratively. Orwell conveys symbolic war in his essay, The Sporting Spirit, depicting sports as a means of a battle between spectators, between two nations. It is a game where you either lose or win; there is no alternative. â€Å"Sport is frankly mimic warfare,† George Orwell says. Orwell touches on many human issues as subjects, but focuses on differences of communities, spectators, and nations to elucidate his opinion, adding to his authenticity. In paragraph seven, Orwell differentiates between urban and rustic communities, and how they view sports. Sports provide escapism for people in urban societies – big towns – as a way to wander from their sedentary life. The diction of â€Å"sedentary† crafts this aura of idleness, which contrasts the theme of â€Å"savage† spectators – spectators who are ardent to win through violent ways. Orwell even describes those who believe games bring nations together as a modern cult. This cynical usage of â€Å"cult† – a group or a system of religious belief – portrays the dark humour Orwell uses to subtly mock those views. We will write a custom essay sample on What human issues form the subjects of the work? Did you find any of them particularly well handled? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What human issues form the subjects of the work? Did you find any of them particularly well handled? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What human issues form the subjects of the work? Did you find any of them particularly well handled? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The essay’s tone is didactic, conclusive, and the reader is enticed by Orwell’s sequence as he progresses from the commonplace views, to specific authoritative views and events that explicate the truthfulness of his view; the reader is to adopt Orwell’s views – the opinionated writer. Orwell touches on human issues of stratification in the first two paragraphs. He divulges what many â€Å"thinking† people have kept clandestine for so long – that sport breeds ill-will. Sport aggression is a common phenomenon nowadays; Orwell classifies teams as â€Å"Dynamo,† â€Å"Russian,† or â€Å"British,† causing the reader to deliberate the labels spectators use in order to identify with their team. The diction of Orwell – â€Å"†¦ I am told by someone,† and â€Å"†¦ someone else informs me† – signify how his opinion is not confined to him alone, but rather that others share it as well. Social id entification is one of the key human issues conveyed in the essay. Orwell says that sports create fresh animosity on both sides. The diction of â€Å"animosity† portrays the hate of spectators to one another as fervent dislike bred from the virtues and differences of one another. This is one of the human issues Orwell is able to convey sublimely. The dictum that sports create good-will between the nations is a great misnomer because it is sport that symbolizes the competitive nature of humans and their need for classification. Humans seek pride, and they love power and domination. That is why sport is war – it is about the loss, as well as the gain. (What one gains, the other loses.) Spectators are able to surmise differences of races, countries, or political predilections as a group, and either boo the referee, or sing offensive songs that degrade the other team as well as their spectators to show their judgments. Orwell insinuates that competitiveness does not build character. At best, it betrays it. At worst, it corrupts it. It is not just the players who are corrupted; it is also the spectators. The imagery of a battlefield illustrate Orwell’s view of sport as a savage, violent activity where running, jumping, and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue. Good sportsmanship – honesty, humility, imperturbableness, respect, and appreciation – is non-existent to Orwell. Orwell’s insincere pathos delineates how sports are wrongfully understood by many. Orwell also touches, in my opinion, on chauvinism rather than patriotism. In sports, if a team loses, it is for a reason. Ignoring the reasons for loss, and recklessly blaming the referee or the conditions is a form of ignorance that is only shown by a chauvinist – a person who believes that his country is the sole best county, obdurately. Orwell is able to craft the essay with one human issue as a core: sport glorifies differences, it demonises opponents, and erodes the moral character of its followers.

Free Essays on Pascals Wager

Pascal’s Wager During the seventeenth century, religion was a main segment of people’s lives. Majority of people who lived during this time had the fear of eternal damnation in hell if they were not living as Christians by the way of God. Christians believed that following the â€Å"word of God† would inevitably grant them passage to heaven in the afterlife. French mathematician and physicist Blaise Pascal lived during these times and was well known for his achievements in his fields. Upon converting to a meticulous form of Roman Catholicism, he experienced an overwhelming religious incident that changed the rest of his life. He then â€Å"devoted his intellectual energies primarily to religious matters† (Abel and Stumpf 129) and began writing â€Å"Apologie de la Religion Chrà ©tienne,† but was unable to finish due to his death. His notes were later compiled and published into a work titled â€Å"Pensà ©es† which contains the widely known defense for Chri stianity known as â€Å"Pascal’s Wager.† Everyone in life possesses the attribute of â€Å"free will.† This power entitles us to have numerous beliefs throughout our lives we live. Humans possess the â€Å"free will† to make a decision to believe in God or not. Pascal believes that humans alone are â€Å"incapable of knowing either what he is or if he is† (131), but we have the choice of believing in God or not. Everyone has to make this choice about God, but contained in â€Å"Apologie de la Religion Chrà ©tienne† is â€Å"Pascal’s Wager† which gives four outcomes from Pascal’s ideas of what the result will be from our own beliefs. To â€Å"live morally, as religion requires† (Abel and Stumpf 130) is a way a person expresses that they believe in God. To not believe in God is to do just the opposite. The way you live your life determines the outcome of what will happen to you in the next. According to Pascal, he believes that â€Å"you can do neither the one thing nor the ot... Free Essays on Pascal's Wager Free Essays on Pascal's Wager Pascal’s Wager During the seventeenth century, religion was a main segment of people’s lives. Majority of people who lived during this time had the fear of eternal damnation in hell if they were not living as Christians by the way of God. Christians believed that following the â€Å"word of God† would inevitably grant them passage to heaven in the afterlife. French mathematician and physicist Blaise Pascal lived during these times and was well known for his achievements in his fields. Upon converting to a meticulous form of Roman Catholicism, he experienced an overwhelming religious incident that changed the rest of his life. He then â€Å"devoted his intellectual energies primarily to religious matters† (Abel and Stumpf 129) and began writing â€Å"Apologie de la Religion Chrà ©tienne,† but was unable to finish due to his death. His notes were later compiled and published into a work titled â€Å"Pensà ©es† which contains the widely known defense for Chri stianity known as â€Å"Pascal’s Wager.† Everyone in life possesses the attribute of â€Å"free will.† This power entitles us to have numerous beliefs throughout our lives we live. Humans possess the â€Å"free will† to make a decision to believe in God or not. Pascal believes that humans alone are â€Å"incapable of knowing either what he is or if he is† (131), but we have the choice of believing in God or not. Everyone has to make this choice about God, but contained in â€Å"Apologie de la Religion Chrà ©tienne† is â€Å"Pascal’s Wager† which gives four outcomes from Pascal’s ideas of what the result will be from our own beliefs. To â€Å"live morally, as religion requires† (Abel and Stumpf 130) is a way a person expresses that they believe in God. To not believe in God is to do just the opposite. The way you live your life determines the outcome of what will happen to you in the next. According to Pascal, he believes that â€Å"you can do neither the one thing nor the ot...

Fashion and media - TRLG Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fashion and media - TRLG - Essay Example The essay "Fashion and media - TRLG" explores the TRLG. fashion and media. According to Rahman, Osmud, Yan Jiang, and Wing-sun Liu (291-311) True religion (TRLG) has established itself through high-quality products in clothing category over the years and successful brands that have been appreciated by many worldwide; this has proven enough financial resilience, consistency growth together with stable expansion out leading to high probability of merger acquisition. The high-end denim both includes regular jeans, for instance, Lucky, True Religion Jeans and Levis which is recognized by its fabric quality and good seam dimensions. The brand and quality attracts celebrities to wear them; these include; David Beckham, Colin Farrell, Beyonce, Megan Fox, Jessica Alba, and more. The jeans among other products are flashy and distinctive flair for those who cherish the modest lifestyle and less flashy versions especially for consumers who would just want to feel the comfort brands of TRLG bran d jeans. The idea of creating different variations and at the same time high-quality products has made the company stand the taste of time with its consumers as they maintain the forces within the market. Despite other jeans being available in the market that could act as the substitute, buyers consistently keep TRLG brand jeans because of the quality issues portrayed by other brands. Although, there are always possible threats of customers turning back for other substitute products or jeans from other competitors.

Preservation of Green Spaces in Urban Areas Research Paper

Preservation of Green Spaces in Urban Areas - Research Paper Example Invasion into the urban free space is inevitable; human population have resorted to finding alternative spaces for economic and social pursuit in areas otherwise meant to preserve the green spaces. In so doing, the original and intended purpose of such places lose value and meaning. Vegetation clearing on the parks, coupled with worldwide waste management ignorance is threatening to veil the aesthetic and biophysical value accorded such spaces. Such spaces, if not adequately managed and maintained would not only undermine their sustainability but also lead to loss of urban artistic image and value. Global environmental changes also attribute to such forms of negligence as prolonged or unabated loss of urban vegetation cover. There is a strong indicator that urban free space holds a significant role in the biophysical cycles that determine socio-economic, political, and social directions on a global scale. However, degradation of such free spaces may also occur naturally. For instance, the impacts of climate change and the global warming exacerbate deterioration of urban free space in terms of both quantity and quality. It would call upon collective responsibility from both the government or local authorities and members of the public to ensure restoration, management, and preservation of urban green spaces. Various factors contribute to losing of urban green spaces all over the world. Most of such factors majorly revolve around and mainly emanate from anthropogenic activities such as agriculture, industrialization, and urban expansions. Soil pollution is a major vice negatively affecting the green spaces that exist all over the world especially in highly developed countries of the world. Most cities and towns exhibit heavy soil and land pollution owing to intensive industrial processes, chemical spillages, and construction activities. In America, the situation is similar since it is one

Growth and Lipid Production of L. Starkeyi Mutants

Growth and Lipid Production of L. Starkeyi Mutants CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Diesel is one of the components in fossil fuel. However, the over-use of diesel is producing greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide gases which are the major elements leading to global warming. Hence, due to increase in demand and source limitation, biodiesel is introduced as a substitute for diesel fuel (Wild et al., 2010). Biodiesel is a diesel fuel substitute that is extracted from renewable biomass. Biodiesel can be produced from plant oils, animal fats and microorganisms. Traditionally, biodiesel is produced from plant oils which were transesterify with methanol (Dai et al., 2007). However, production of biodiesel from plant oils is not suitable due to the quality of tillable land (Li et al., 2008) and competition with food production (Wahlen et al., 2012). Furthermore, the increase in animal fats prices due to the increase in animal feed makes it not suitable as biodiesel feedstock (Li et al., 2008). Hence, oleaginous microorganisms have been introduced as good candidates for biodiesel feedstock. Oleaginous microorganisms can accumulate lipid up to 20% of its cell dry weight (Ageitos et al., 2011). Oleaginous microorganisms have the ability to utilize different carbon source (Ageitos et al., 2011). In this study, Lipomyces starkeyi will be used. This type of yeast has the ability to produce lipid up to 70 % of its cell dry weight (Wild et al., 2010). L. starkeyi can utilize different types of carbon as its sole carbon and it is flexible in terms of culture conditions (Ageitos et al.,2011). However, L. starkeyi is still not economically practical because of the limitations in the wild-type strains (Ageitos et al., 2011). Therefore, in our research, we will be using L. starkeyi mutants in an attempt to produce more lipid more lipid in the fungal cells. The L. starkeyi mutants will be cultured in modified media consists of glucose, (NH4) SO4, yeast extract, Na2HPO4.7H20, KH2PO4, MgSO4. 7H20, CaCl2. 2H20, FeSO4, ZnSO4.H20 and CuSO4 supplied with 2.5% (w/v) and 5.0% (w/v) of glucose and sago effluents in separated schott bottles. pH 5 and pH 6 will also be used in order to optimize the production of lipid. The temperature that will be used is room temperature ( ± 27 °C). In this experiment, sago effluent and glucose would serve as carbon source for L. starkeyi. The total carbohydrate that would be consumed by L. starkeyi will be tested using phenol-sulphuric test. Our objectives in this research are: To optimize growth and lipid production of L. starkeyi mutants To measure the amount of lipid produced by L. starkeyi mutants cultured in 2.5 % and 5 % of glucose medium To measure the amount of lipid produced by L. starkeyi mutants cultured in sago effluent CHAPTER 2:  LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Biodiesel Biodiesel consists of alkly ester of fatty acids or triglycerides. Conventionally, triglyceride is produced from soybeans oil with the addition of alcohol and acid or base catalyst. This process is known as transesterifications which will produce Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) (Wahlen et al., 2012). Basically, biodiesel can be derived from 3 sources which are plants oil, animal fat and microorganisms (Meng et al., 2008). Plant oils that involve in the production of biodiesel are rapeseed, palm oil, soybeans, cottonseed, sunflower and many possible crops (Perritano, 2010). However, the practical used of plant oils raises critical issues on the decreasing in quality of land that is needed to plant the crops could affect the quality of the crops produced (Li et al., 2008). In addition, it also competes with the food production (Wahlen et al., 2012). Animal fat is also not a good biodiesel feedstock due to economical reasons (Meng et al., 2008). Hence, oleaginous microorganisms stand out as a potential feedstock provider. 2.2 Oleaginous microorganisms Oleginous yeasts (OY) are known producers of single cell oil (SCO). SCO produced from this organism are triacylglycerides (TAG) that have long-chain of fatty acids and have similar properties with plant oils. TAG acts as source of energy and it assist in phospholipid membrane formation. OY also utilizes various its carbon sources from waste substrate thus the cost to culture this microorganism is low (El-Fadaly et al., 2009). There are four groups of oleaginous microorganisms that capable of producing biodiesel which are bacteria, algae, filamentous fungi and yeast (Kitcha and Cheirsilp, 2011). The genera of oleaginous yeast are Yarrowia, Candida, Rhodotorula, Rhodosporium, Crytococcus, Trichosporon and Lipomyces (Ageitos et al., 2011). The specific name for the most preferable candidates for production of lipid are Cryptococcus albidus, Rhodosporidium toruloides, Rhodotorula glutinis, Lipomyces starkeyi and Yarrowia lipolytica. These microorganisms are capable of producing intracellular lipid more than 20% of its cell dry weight (Tapia et al., 2012). The duplication rate of yeast is lower than 1 hour and it is easy to culture compared to other microalgae. Other than that, certain oily yeast also has the ability to produce lipid up to 80% of their dry weight, while utilizing different carbon source including the lipid present in media (Ageitos et al., 2011). 2.3 Factors affecting lipid accumulations in Oleginous yeast Lipid accumulations occur when yeast is cultured under high amount of carbon source but in limited source of nitrogen. This is due to the nutrient imbalance that helps in triggering the accumulation of lipid because the remaining substrate would be assimilated by the yeast’s cells hence convert it into fat for storage (Ageitos et al., 2011). The fat that accumulated could be extracted to produce biodiesel. In addition, the accumulations of lipid also affected by other factors such as the present of microelements and inorganic salts in media. These elements help in ATP (AdenosineTriPhosphate) citrate lyse which important in lipid production (Ageitos et al., 2011). 2.4 Lipomyces starkeyi L. starkeyi is one of the members of Saccharomycetales and considered as true inhabitant of soil which have a worldwide distribution (Ansschau et al., 2014). L. starkeyi have the ability to accumulate lipid up to 70% of its dry weight (Wild et al., 2010). It also has a high flexibility in utilization of carbon source and culture environment. Other than that, fatty acid produced by L. starkeyi is almost similar to the vegetable oil (Tapia et al., 2012). According to Wild et al. (2010), L. starkeyi need a high ratio of carbon to nitrogen in order to optimize the production of lipid. The lipid bodies (LB) of L. starkeyi will receive the excess carbon source in the form of triglycerides (TAGs) (Ageitos et al., 2011) 2.5 Sago effluent Sago effluent is a form of sago liquid waste. In normal processes, this effluent would be channeled into the river, thus polluting the river and environment (Awang-Adeni et al., 2010). The releasing of sago effluent into the river can cause decreasing in water pH and increase in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) (Ayyasamy et al., 2008) Sago effluent contains a high amount of organic materials and non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) (Awang-Adeni et al., 2010). NSP are made of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. In cellulose, the sub-components are 89% glucose and small amount of xylose, rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, fructose and galactose. In contrast to cellulose, hemicellulose main components are glucose and xylose accompanied with arabinose, galactose, rhmnose, fucose and uranic acid. Lignin functions in rigidity and stability of the wood. To sum up, sago effluent contains up to 66% of starch, 14 % fiber and 25 % lignin (Awang-Adeni et al., 2010). Sago effluents which flow from the sago mill usually have the ratio of carbon to nitrogen high which is 105: 0.12 (Awang-Adeni et al., 2010). As stated by Ageitos et al. (2011), L. starkeyi have the ability to utilize starch as its sole carbon. Hence, sago effluent is an excellent choice because it has a high amount of starch which can helps in optimizing the lipid production. 2.6 Phenol-sulphuric test Phenol-sulphuric test is the quantitative assays which often used in estimation of carbohydrate. This test could detect the presence of neutral sugar in oligosaccharides, proteoglycan, glycoproteins and glycolipids (Albalasmeh et al., 2013). When phenol-sulphuric is added, the glucose that presence in samples would dehydrate thus forms hydroxymethyl furfurax. It would yield a yellow-brown product and the OD could be checked at 490 nm (Albalasmeh et al., 2013). CHAPTER 3:  MATERIALS AND METHOD 3.1 Materials Modified media as suggested by Wild et al. (2010). Lipomyces Starkeyi mutants (LS R1 and LS R2) 2.5 % (w/v) and 5.0 % (w/v) of glucose (Ee Syn, Malaysia) 2.5 % (w/v) and 5.0 % (w/v) of sago effluent (Pusa, Malaysia) 80 % (w/v) of Glycerol stock (HmbG, Germany) 5 % Phenol (Nacalai Tesque, Japan) Hexane (Reagents, USA) Isopropanol (Amresco, USA) Microcentrifuge (Hettich EBA 21, England) Schotts bottles (Duran, Germany) 3.2 Glycerol stock A single colony of L. starkeyi mutants R3 will be inoculated into 100 ml of modified media. 800 ÃŽ ¼l of L. starkeyi mutants R3 that have grown will be transferred into vial that contained 1200 ÃŽ ¼l of glycerol stock. The glycerol stock steps of L. starkeyi will be repeated for L. starkeyi mutants R4. The solution will be stored in freezer at -20  °C. 3.3 Propagation of cell 1.5 L of modified media with pH 5 will be prepared into two Liter schott bottles and L. starkeyi mutants R3 and R4 will be inoculated in respective bottles (Wild et al., 2010). This step will be repeated for pH 6. For day 1 until day 6, three (3) falcon tubes will be autoclave and weight. After that, 50 ml of the cultured from first bottle will be transferred into each three (3) falcon tubes and it will be weighted again. The sample will be sent for centrifuge for 5 minutes at 5000 rpm. The supernatant will be discarded and the pellet with falcon tube will be weight again for its wet weight. The sample will be dry in the oven for 1 or 2 days. After that, the sample will be weight again for its dry weight. All experiments will be performed in duplications. 3.4 Standard curve for L. starkeyi 1 ml of culture which will be incubated for 3 days earlier will be added into 9 ml of modified media in test tube. Serial dilution will take place with the factors of 10-1 until 10-7. For factors of 10-1 until 10-7, their OD will be checked for 600 nm. For factors 10-5 until 10-7, 300 ÃŽ ¼l from each sample will be taken and poured onto plate count agar. The plate will be incubated overnight before colony counting will be performed. 3.5 Lipid accumulation stage for L. starkeyi mutants The L. starkeyi mutants culture will be incubated for 3 days (optimum growth) at room temperature. After 3 days, 750 ml of 10.0% (w/v) of glucose will be added into 750 ml modified media to achieve final concentration of 5% (w/v) in the schott bottle and it will be incubated further for 6 days. From day 1 to day 6, 150 ml of cultured will be harvested into each three (3) falcon tubes. This step will be repeated for pH 5 with 5.0% (w/v) of glucose and pH 6 with 10.0% (w/v) and 5.0% (w/v) of sago effluent. 3.6 Sampling biomass The samples will be weighted in wet condition before dry in the oven. After that, the samples will be dried in the oven for 3 days. The dried mass will be taken and weighted again for dry weight. 3.7 Lipid extraction Hexane: propanol in the ratio of 3:2 will be added into the falcon tubes consists of the dry mass. The mixture will be homogenized for 2 minutes. The homogenized sample will be incubated for 1 hour before centrifuge for 5 minutes. The supernatant will be taken and placed in an empty beaker and weight. The supernatant will be heated until the hexane and propanol solution have evaporated completely. The remaining oil will be weighted again. This step will be repeated for 5.0% (w/v) of glucose, 2.5% (w/v) of sago effluent and 5.0% (w/v) of sago effluent. 3.8 Phenol-sulphuric carbohydrate test Phenol test is used to detect the amount of carbohydrate that is not consumed by L. starkeyi. For each sample, phenol-sulphuric carbohydrate test will be performed by adding 0.2 ml of 5% (w/v) of phenol and 1 ml of 96% (w/v) of sulphuric acid. After that, 1 ml from each mixture will be placed into a clean cuvette and read at 490 nm in a spectrophotometer. EXPECTED OUTCOME By the end of this experiment, we expect to measure the amount of lipid produced by Lipomyces starkeyi mutants in 2.5% (w/v) and 5.0% (w/v) concentration of glucose and sago effluent at different pH. WORK SCHEDULE Project Activities 2014 2015 Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb March Apr May Data collection à ¢-  Proposal writing and presentation à ¢- º à ¢- º à ¢-  Bench work and sample processing à ¢- º à ¢- º à ¢- º à ¢-  Progress report à ¢- º à ¢- º à ¢- º à ¢-  Data analysis à ¢- º à ¢- º à ¢-  Data validation: Statistical analysis à ¢- º à ¢- º à ¢- º à ¢-  Report writing and presentation à ¢- º à ¢- º à ¢- º à ¢- º à ¢-  Legends à ¢- º: In progress à ¢-  : End of progress REFERENCES Ageitos, J.M., Vallejo, J.A., Veiga-Crespo, P., Villa, T.G. (2011). Oily yeast as oleaginouscell factories. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnoogy, 90(12), 1219-1227. Albalasmeh, A.A., Berhe, A.A., Ghezzehei, T.A. (2013). Method for rapid determination of carbohydrate and total carbon concentrations using UV spectrophotometetry. Carbohydrate Polymers, 97(2), 253-261. Anschau, A., Xavier, M.C.A., Hernalsteens, S., Franco, T.T. (2014). Effect of feeding  strategies on lipid production by Lipomyces starkeyi. Bioresource Technology, 157, 214-222. Ayyasamy, P.M., Banuregha, R., Vivekanandhan, G., Rajakumar, S., Yasodha, R., Lee, S., Lakshmanaperumalsamy, P. (2008). Bioremediation of sago industry effluent and its impact on seed germination (green gram and maize). Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 24(11). 2677-2684 Awang-Adeni, D.S., Abd-Aziz, S., Hassan, M.A. (2010). Bioconversion of sago residue into value added. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(14), 2016-2021. El-Fadalay, H.A., El-Naggar, N.E., Marwan, E.M. (2009). Single Cell Oil Production by an Oleginous Yeast Strain in a Low Cost Cultivation Medium. Research Journal of Microbiology, 4(8), 301-313. Kitcha, S., Cheirsilp, B. (2011). Screening of Oleaginous Yeasts and Optimization for Lipid. Energy Procedia, 9, 274-282. Li, Q., Du, W., Liu, D. (2008). Perspectives of microbial oils for biodiesel production. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 80(5), 749-756. Meng, X., Yang, J., Xu, X., Zhang, L., Nie, Q., Xian, Mo. (2008). Biodiesel production from oleaginous microorganisms. Renewable Energy, 34(2009), 1-5. Perritano, J. (13, December 2010). 10 top biofuel crops. Retrieved from HowStuffWorks:http://auto.howstuffworks.com/fuel-efficiency/biofuels/10biofuelcrops. htm#page=2 Tapia, E. V., Anschou, A., Coradini, A. L., Franco, T. T., Deckmann, C. (2012). Optimization of lipid production by the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi by random mutagenesis coupled to cerulenin screening. AMB express, 2(64), 1-8.

‘Explore the ways that writers present strong feelings to interest the reader or audience’

Various techniques are used by writers to present strong feelings which evoke emotion from the reader or audience. Literary techniques are used in great lengths to both emphasise strong feelings in a literary piece and to also evoke strong feelings from an audience. The techniques embody language, structure and form. The experimentation of structure and poetic techniques used by writers create strong feelings within both the contemporary and present audience, ensuring audiences were and always will be interested in the literary piece.In the prologue of the play ‘Romeo and Juliet’ the audience learn that two dignified households in the city of Verona hold an ‘’ancient grudge’’ towards each other, which remains a source of the violent conflict which is central to the play. It can be suggested that hatred has grown stronger over a long period of time. Similarly, the structure of the poem undermined traditional Elizabethan sonnets which were tradit ionally love poems. Shakespeare’s, however, changed this form to show hatred, violence, conflict and death to foreshadow the ending of ‘Romeo and Juliet’.An Elizabethan audience would have recognised this, creating a feeling of excitement and curiosity within them. Likewise in ‘sonnet 43’ Browning has also undermined the traditional form of a sonnet to create religious imagery to describe her lover. Browning’s sonnet discusses and compares her strong feelings for her lover and as her description develops she illustrates that she loves him with the emotions of an entire life from childhood right through to death. ‘’I love thee with the breath, smiles, tears, of all my life!– And, if God choose, I shall love thee better after death’’. She worships her lover with all her heart and respects him much more than she does her religion. He touches all aspects of her life and gives meaning to her whole existence. The au dience would be shocked as during the Victorian era religion was paramount in the lives of the people. However, it is not just love for one person that is described but the feeling of love itself. Similarly, as Romeo and Juliet become innocent victims of an atrocious ‘‘strife’’ between their families when they ‘’take their lives’’.Considerably, the poet evokes strong feelings towards the emotion of love when Browning is describing the intensity of religion and the link between death and love, as Shakespeare does when he links the idea of love and death in the prologue, allowing both the audience and the reader to openly question the content without profanity. In the play ‘Romeo and Juliet’ segregated from society is a dominant feeling and a reoccurring theme. Romeo and Juliet go to extreme lengths to preserve their love together.They did this as according to Elizabethan society it was nor their ‘Fate’ nor ‘Destiny’ to ever be together. Therefore by choosing to be together consequences to them both mocking society. Juliet was Romeos second love which is ironic and therefore mocks society because Elizabethans believed in fate and destiny and that you could only ever love one person. If you loved again you weren’t really in love or you previous relationship wasn’t love but lust. Romeo’s feelings power his actions contradicting the Elizabethan norm which would undoubtedly evoke strong feelings such as disgust and shock from the audience.Alternatively in the poem ‘My last duchess’ the writer evokes strong feelings from the reader by focusing on the dominance and control of the Duke towards his wife. The audience in this case is this the ambassador acting on behalf of Ferdinand referred to in the poem as ‘The Count, your master’ but in reality it is the reader. This makes the reader feel rebellious as they are ‘eavesdroppin g’ on an interesting conversation. This completely contrasts to Romeos relationship with Juliet. They respect and accept each other as equals whereas the Duke doesn’t respect his wife or even acknowledge her.The duke refers to his wife, not by her name, by ‘she’. A contemporary reader would accept this as men were the dominant spouse. ‘’Half flushed that dies along the throat’’. This is ironic as it is said that the duke killed or had his wife killed, we could interpret that he beheaded or had her beheaded. This would surprise the reader as the duke earlier in the poem he compliments his wife, calling her a ‘wonder’. Although his words and actions are brutal the duke would have been accepted by society as men were believed to be higher than women.Romeo and Juliet’s love was not accepted by an Elizabethan society but they choose to ignore their friends and family, therefore appalling their audiences and mocking their entire beliefs. In the play Romeo and Juliet confusion, doubt and uncertainty are common emotions. During the balcony scene Juliet is speaking her mind unaware that Romeo had been listening. ‘’Be sworn my love, and I shall no longer be a Capulet’’. She would disown her family to be with Romeo, someone whom she had just met. This would have stunned an Elizabethan audience as she came from a rich, well respected family.There is more confusion when Juliet’s feelings change, ‘’ it is too rash, too unadvised, too sudden’’. Shakespeare uses the ‘rule of three’ to emphasise on the word ‘too’. He does this to show how strong Juliet’s doubt towards Romeo is. An Elizabethan audience would be confused as to how she could change her mind as they believed in love at first sight and this was going against that belief. Shakespeare mocks his entire society though his characters by showing them that fate and destiny is not written in the stars but is decided by you.Equally, in the poem ‘The Laboratory’ there is a lot of confusion between the character and the reader. The woman in the poem is searching for the perfect poison to commit a murder. She cannot seem to decide what poison she would like and is distracted by the â€Å"exquisite blue† colours of the poisons. ‘’Yonder soft phial†¦ sure to taste sweetly, – is that poison too? ’’. Her actions are very child-like and due to her frequent change of mind the reader will begin to doubt her motive and seriousness.The reader feels confused at her motives and could assume the poem is comic and not serious. By using a question mark, the poet emphasises the protagonists confused mind. This confusion is further highlighted by the â€Å"-â€Å"which separates the question from the rest of the stanza and draws it to the attention of the reader. Clearly, Shakespeare and Mr and Mrs Browning all convey strong emotion to the audience and readers whether it is through language, structure or form. This is one of the main reasons why their literature has lasted and is greatly treasured.

Facebook Assignment

Nathan Barry – S10001606 Business Context Introduction The following assignment was created by our group [ ] Our chosen organisation for the assignment is the online social networking site Facebook. As a group we feel as though this would give us a good opportunity to analyse the factors of business content in an in-depth way. Business could be defined as â€Å"the transformation of inputs into outputs. This transformation process takes place against a background of external influences which affect the firm and its activities†. (Worthington and Britton 2000:3) Facebook BackgroundFacebook was co-founded in February 2004 by Mark Zuckerburg and roommate Dustin Moskovitz, both American entrepreneurs who attended Harvard University, Massachusetts. Zuckerburg now owns around a quarter of the organisation with Dustin still having a share of around 6-7% as of 2010. Facebook’s mission statement simply reads â€Å"to give people the power to share and make the world more open and connected†. (www. facebook. com) Economics â€Å"The study of how human beings seek to use resources to satisfy the whole range of their needs, wants and desires†. Wetherly and Otter 2008:3) We need resources in order to satisfy our needs, wants and aspirations. The economy provides this in four categories which are land, labour, capital and enterprise. The economy surrounding Facebook is undoubtedly large and still growing rapidly with investors continuingly looking to pump money into the company. The site attracts businesses from all over the world and of all sizes with its expansive advertising space which reaches out to millions of users daily.Recent figures published by Facebook themselves estimate a figure in the region of â€Å"five hundred million users with 50% of chose actively logging into the site daily†. (www. Facebook. com/stats). This therefore is an extremely attractive proposition for any business looking to advertise as most target audi ences are reachable. Supply and demand is an extremely important factor for Facebook. They are the market leader in there sector and therefore control the price as investors and company’s looking to advertise have little choice when it comes to substitutes (compliments).There is a huge demand for what Facebook offer and this demand is only met by small supply which as a result increases the price. Legal/Technology Technology is â€Å"the sum of knowledge of the means and methods of producing goods and services† (Worthington and Britton 2000:138). Technology is massive issue for any online business as falling behind could be very costly in terms of gaining a competitive advantage. Facebook specifically must concentrate on information technology (i. c. t) as they handle huge quantities of data about their users.Businesses must comply with legislation and Facebook are a complex example with issues such as eBullying, â€Å"the term used to refer to bullying and harassment by use of electronic devices such as mobile phones, e-mail, instant messaging, text messages and websites†. (www. ebullying. co. uk). Facebook attempts to reduce this with an extensive rights and responsibility page which must be agreed to when the user signs up to the website such as an age restriction policy although this is easily flawed as users can enter the wrong D. O. B without checks being carried out.

The Middle East Is Clearly Out Of Hand Essay - 1628 Words

Jeffrey A. Beery Professor Carlin Mackie English 102 9 November 2016 Introduction: The Middle East is clearly out of hand. Why is this region prone to so much bloodshed? All we need to do is refer back to our history books. In preparation for the Collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the end of WW1 the Sykes and Picot agreement was signed, which called for British and French influence in the region and the creation of states. This agreement was to benefit French and British interests and had very little concern regarding the ethnic and religious makeup of the region. After analyzing the region it is evident that the current border situation is ineffective and causing much of the problems. The current foreign policies the Western world has towards the Middle East need to be seriously reconsidered. The Vision of T.E. Lawrence: The Sykes and Picot agreement was conceptualized as a great idea among western leaders at the time, however according to Yassamine Mather in his article titled The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and Current Conflict in the Middle East â€Å"even then the agreement had its critics: T.E. Lawrence, who knew a lot more than Sykes about national and religious differences in the Arab world, warned of conflicts within the region† (471). Time has proven that T.E. Lawrence made a rather accurate prediction. Lawrence was a rather popular man regarding this period, and is still very much so today. In fact, Lawrence’s book titled Seven Pillars of Wisdom has become a mustShow MoreRelatedMERS-CoV: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome726 Words   |  3 Pagesthe Middle East, became ill in Saudi Arabia (WHO). He visited the hospital once he started seeing symptoms of an flu-like illness (WHO). 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